Table of Contents
CIVIL AVIATION
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
VOLUME
2 AİRCRAFT ENGİNE EMİSSİONS
SYMBOLS
WHAT IS THE PROBLEM ABOUT ENGINEE EMISSIONS?.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
CIVIL AVIATION ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
In today world aviation has good rate of
developmet ,during all these developing ,the commitee on Aviation Environmental
Protection (CAEP )has been discussed ‘’ the present and the future impact and
trends of aircraft noise and aircraft enginee emissions. ‘’ There is Annex 16
for Enviromental Protection. I will try to approach only aircraft enginee
emissions based on Annex 16 Volume 2 , Aircraft Engine Emissions informations.
VOLUME 2
AİRCRAFT ENGİNE EMİSSİONS
SYMBOLS
There are symbols are used in aircraft engine
emissions and their meaning ;
CO Carbon
monoxide
Dp The mass of any
gaseous pollutant emitted during the reference emissions landing
and take-off
Fn Thrust in International Standart
Atmosphere(ISA), sea level conditions,for the give
operating mode
F˳˳ Rated
thurst
HC Unburned hydrocarbons
NO Nitric oxide
NO2 Nitrogen dioxide
NOx Oxides of nitrogen
SN Smoke Number
WHAT IS THE PROBLEM ABOUT ENGINE EMISSIONS?
Aircraft engines produce emissions that are
similar to other emissions resulting
from fossil fuel combustion.Aircraft emissions are unusual in that a significant
proportion is emitted at altitude.These emissions give rise to important
environmental concerns regarding their global impact and their effect on local
air quality at ground level.
The Intergovermental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) prepared Special Report
on Aviation and The Global Atmosphere to comprehensive assessment concerning
aviation’s contribution to global atmospheric problem.Also Scientific Assessment
Panel to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.
In 1972, the United Nation Conference on
Human Environment was held in Stockholm.The position of ICAO at this Conference
was developed in assembly Resolution . This resolution was followed up by
establishment of an ICAO Action Programme Regarding the Environmental.It was
established to assist the Secretarial in ceratin tasks related to aircraft
enginee emissions.As a result of the work of this , an ICAO circular entitled
Control of Aircraft Engine Emissions was published in 1977.
At the second meeting of the committe on Aircraft
Enginee Emissions held in May 1980.Proposals were made for material to be
included in an ICAO Annex.There are two volume in that Annex. Volume 1 ’’
Aircraft Noise ‘’ and Volume 2 ‘’Aircraft Engine Emissions’’
PREVENTION OF INTENTIONAL FUEL VENTING
Aircraft shall be so designed to prevent the
intentional discharge into the atmosphere of liquid fuel from the fuel nozzle
manifolds resulting from the process of engine shutdown following normal flight or ground operations.
Sustainable alternative aviation jet fuels,
have been identified as one of the key elements in helping achieve these
enviromental protection.They are the only low-carbon fules available for
aviation in the short to mid term. The airline industry has played and
instrumental role in advancing technical certification for biofuels which can
now be used on passenger flights.
TURBOJET AND TURBOFAN ENGINES INTENDED FOR
PROPULSION ONLY AT SUBSONIC SPEEDS
All turbojets and turbofan engines,as further
specified in 2.2 and 2.3 intended for propulsion only at subsonic speeds,
except when certificating authorities make exemptions for ;
¨
Specific engine types and derivative versions of
such engines
¨
A limited number of engines beyond the dates of
applicability specified in 2.2 and 2.3
The following emissions shall be controlled
for certification of aircraft engines :
Ø
Smoke
Ø
Gaseous emissions
Unburned hydrocarbons (HC)
Carbon monoxide (CO) and
Oxides of nitrogen (NOx)
References
- law.resource.org
- epa.gov
- iata.org
- icao.int
- web.shgm.gov.tr/
THANK YOU
Hello there :).well nice job I like your blog because it's short not too bulky and straight to the point.thou I have learned so many new symbols from your work.and I have learned that alternative aviation fuel are identified as one of the key elements in helping achieve these enviromental protection.They are the only low-carbon fules available for aviation in the short to mid term.thanks for your blog!
ReplyDeleteHello Helin :) I read your blog. I thınk your topic is interesting. The most important part is a historical background for me because, ı learned a lot of new information from you. Also, your pictures is explanatory. I've watched the video. Thank you for your information
ReplyDeleteHi Helin.:) Actually, i like history and symbols because i think two of them hide many information in back of. When we read history, we learn more interesting things and details. Also, we learn a lot of information about symbols when we read their meanings. This is so exciting for me because when we look symbols, we see only letters but they tell too many things. I think your blog has very descriptor. Thank you for sharing. :)
ReplyDeleteHey Helin! :) Good work with the blog. Nice and simple. The symbols and its definition provided are very clear and easy to understand. Really helpful information, learned a great deal from here. Thank you for sharing this blog. :)
ReplyDelete