Helin Uysal

Table of Contents

CIVIL  AVIATION  ENVIRONMENTAL   PROTECTION.. 2

VOLUME 2  AİRCRAFT  ENGİNE   EMİSSİONS. 2

SYMBOLS. 2

WHAT IS THE PROBLEM ABOUT ENGINEE EMISSIONS?.

HISTORICAL  BACKGROUND.. 3

  

                      

CIVIL  AVIATION  ENVIRONMENTAL   PROTECTION

                                                      

In today world aviation has good rate of developmet ,during all these developing ,the commitee on Aviation Environmental Protection (CAEP )has been discussed ‘’ the present and the future impact and trends of aircraft noise and aircraft enginee emissions. ‘’ There is Annex 16 for Enviromental Protection. I will try to approach only aircraft enginee emissions based on Annex 16 Volume 2 , Aircraft Engine Emissions informations.

VOLUME 2  AİRCRAFT  ENGİNE  EMİSSİONS

                 SYMBOLS 

            There are symbols are used in aircraft engine emissions and their meaning ;

    CO          Carbon monoxide

    Dp           The mass of any gaseous pollutant emitted during the reference emissions landing 

                    and take-off

 ‌   Fn                  Thrust in International Standart Atmosphere(ISA), sea level conditions,for the give

                    operating mode

    F˳˳           Rated thurst

    F*˳˳       Rated thrust with afterburning applied

    HC          Unburned hydrocarbons

    NO         Nitric oxide                                                 

    NO2       Nitrogen dioxide

    NOx       Oxides of nitrogen

    SN          Smoke Number

     ∏˳˳        Reference pressure ratio

    WHAT IS THE PROBLEM ABOUT ENGINE EMISSIONS?

 Aircraft engines produce emissions that are similar to other  emissions resulting from fossil fuel combustion.Aircraft emissions are unusual in that a significant proportion is emitted at altitude.These emissions give rise to important environmental concerns regarding their global impact and their effect on local air quality at ground level.

The Intergovermental Panel on  Climate Change (IPCC) prepared Special Report on Aviation and The Global Atmosphere to comprehensive assessment concerning aviation’s contribution to global atmospheric problem.Also Scientific Assessment Panel to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.

              

HISTORICAL  BACKGROUND  

In 1972, the United Nation Conference on Human Environment was held in Stockholm.The position of ICAO at this Conference was developed in assembly Resolution . This resolution was followed up by establishment of an ICAO Action Programme Regarding the Environmental.It was established to assist the Secretarial in ceratin tasks related to aircraft enginee emissions.As a result of the work of this , an ICAO circular entitled Control of Aircraft Engine Emissions was published in 1977.

At the second meeting of the committe on Aircraft Enginee Emissions held in May 1980.Proposals were made for material to be included in an ICAO Annex.There are two volume in that Annex. Volume 1 ’’ Aircraft Noise ‘’ and Volume 2 ‘’Aircraft Engine Emissions’’

PREVENTION OF INTENTIONAL FUEL VENTING

Aircraft shall be so designed to prevent the intentional discharge into the atmosphere of liquid fuel from the fuel nozzle manifolds resulting from the process of engine shutdown following  normal flight or ground operations.

ALTERNATİVE FUELS

Sustainable alternative aviation jet fuels, have been identified as one of the key elements in helping achieve these enviromental protection.They are the only low-carbon fules available for aviation in the short to mid term. The airline industry has played and instrumental role in advancing technical certification for biofuels which can now be used on passenger flights.

TURBOJET AND TURBOFAN ENGINES INTENDED FOR PROPULSION ONLY AT SUBSONIC SPEEDS

All turbojets and turbofan engines,as further specified in 2.2 and 2.3 intended for propulsion only at subsonic speeds, except when certificating authorities make exemptions for ;

¨                       Specific engine types and derivative versions of such engines

¨                       A limited number of engines beyond the dates of applicability specified in 2.2 and 2.3

The following emissions shall be controlled for certification of aircraft engines :

Ø  Smoke

Ø  Gaseous emissions

      Unburned hydrocarbons (HC)

      Carbon monoxide (CO) and

      Oxides of nitrogen (NOx)

  References 

•  law.resource.org 
• 
  
•   epa.gov
• 
  
•   iata.org
• 
  
•   icao.int
• 
  
•   web.shgm.gov.tr/

   THANK YOU